The government is under pressure from a wide range of interests to open U.S. skies to drones.
Oil companies want them to monitor pipelines. Environmentalists
want them to count sea lions on remote islands. Farmers want them to fly
over crops with sensors that can detect which fields are wet and which
need watering. They're already being used to help fight forest fires.
And the list goes on.
Manufacturers are also keen to cash in on what they expect to be a
burgeoning new drone market. Government and commercial drone-related
expenditures are forecast to total $89 billion worldwide over the next
decade.
On the leading edge of that new market are state and local police
departments, who say that in many cases drones are cheaper, more
practical and more effective than manned aircraft. Most of them would be
small drones, generally weighing less than 55 pounds (25 kilograms).
They could be used, for example, to search for missing children or to
scout a location ahead of a police raid.
But privacy advocates caution that drones equipped with powerful
cameras, including the latest infrared cameras that can ``see'' through
walls, listening devices and other information-gathering technology
raise the specter of a surveillance society in which the activities of
ordinary citizens are monitored and recorded by the authorities.
Nearly half the public, 44 percent, supports allowing police
forces inside the U.S. to use drones to assist police work, but a
significant minority _ 36 percent _ say they ``strongly oppose'' or
``somewhat oppose'' police use of drones, according to a survey last
month.
When asked if they were concerned that police departments' use of
drones for surveillance might cause them to lose privacy, 35 percent of
respondents said they were ``extremely concerned'' or ``very
concerned.'' An almost identical share, 36 percent, said they were ``not
too concerned'' or ``not concerned at all.''
Twenty-four percent fell in the middle, saying they were ``somewhat concerned'' about a potential loss of personal privacy.
David Eisner, president and chief executive of the constitution
center in Philadelphia, said he was surprised by the level of support
for police use of drones.
``I had assumed that the idea that American police would be using
the same technology that our military is using in Afghanistan would
garner an almost hysterical response,'' Eisner said. Support for drone
use ``shows that people are feeling less physically secure than they'd
like to because they are willing to accept fairly extreme police action
to improve that security.''
There was a gender gap in the poll, with men were more concerned
about a loss of privacy if police start using drones than women _ 40
percent to 30 percent. There was an even wider gap between white and
black respondents, with 48 percent of blacks strongly concerned about a
loss of privacy compared to 32 percent of whites.
Responding to public concern, a drone industry trade group and
the International Association of Police Chiefs have separately released
voluntary guidelines for drone use in recent months.
``A lot of the public doesn't understand how the technology is
being used,'' said Gretchen West, vice president of the Association for
Unmanned Vehicle Systems International. ``Law enforcement use (drones)
to do the same thing they've used manned aircraft for years, it's just
that (drones) are more affordable and usually a more efficient option.''
The National Constitution Center is a nonpartisan, nonprofit
organization that operates a Philadelphia museum and other educational
programs about the Constitution.
The AP-NCC Poll was conducted by GfK Roper Public Affairs &
Corporate Communications from Aug. 16-20, using landline and cellphone
interviews with 1,006 randomly chosen adults. The margin of sampling
error was plus or minus 3.9 percentage points.